The article is to study and understand the weaknesses and strengths of international law in dealing with challenges ethnic minorities confront. Accordingly, the writers of the article attempt to understand the roots of challenges Rohingya minority of Rakhin face in Myanmar. Some questions are designed in order to accomplish above mentioned goal in which the focal point is to understand why international law was not able to support Rohingya rights in Myanmar. The result of the article emphasizes that the main reason is the ambiguity in defining conditions of Rohingya ethnic group in international law and Meyanmar domestic law. The article also explains how large number of Rohingya ethnic minority are left behind because of deficit in international law to include and support them. The result is based on analysis of treaties, regulations and conventions of international law regarding minority's rights with regard to the conditions of Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar according international institutions' reports.

Background and Aims: The crisis of Rohingya Muslim refugees has become one of the challenging issues of the last decade. The organized massacre of Rohingya people in Myanmar has forced them to relocate to Bangladesh, creating the world's largest refugee camp. The purpose of this study is to assess the health status of these refugees. Methods: The present study was conducted using a systematic review method. The keywords Rohingya, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bruma, and their combinations have been searched in international databases regardless of the time period. Finally, 42 papers were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: An evaluation of papers related to the health status of Rohingya Muslims showed that these refuge facing different types of health problems at Cox’ s Bazar camp. Lack of basic health equipment and resources such as safe drinking water, high prevalence of infectious diseases, lack of food security, social constraints, mental issue, high rates of behavioral violence, as well as poor health conditions of pregnant women are some of the Rohingya Muslims health difficulties. Conclusion: The various health problems of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh indicate the emergency need of accelerating humanitarian aid delivery to these people in order to prevent a humanitarian catastrophe.

Although Rohingya's ethnicity in Myanmar has been Exposed threats and injuries by Burmese nationalism as well as extremist Buddhism in Myanmar since the distant past, But from 2012 to 2018, a new wave of violence against this Muslim nation happened, That's the result nearly a million people were displaced and killed. was expected that the South east Asian Nations Union (ASEAN), as the most important regional institution in Southeast Asia, has responded to this genocide, but this did not happen. Therefore, The question arises: firstly, what is the ASEAN response to the genocide in Myanmar and, secondly, What factors influenced the reaction of this union? The hypothesis of the article, which has been analyzed by descriptive-analytic method, is that the socio-cultural heterogeneity and the non-uniformity of the political structure of the member states are the most important reasons for the weakness of ASEAN's response to genocide against the Rohingya ethnicity. the findings of the paper show that cultural and social incoherence as well as the non-uniformity of political structures can be effective in the ineffectiveness of regionalism.

In this paper, we study the dynamics of the diphtheria outbreak among the immunocompromised group of people, the Rohingya ethnic group. Approximately 800,000 Rohingya refugees are living in the Balukhali refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar. The camp is densely populated with the scarcity of proper food, healthcare, and sanitation. Subsequently, in November 2017 a diphtheria epidemic occurred in this camp. To keep up with the pace of the disease spread, medical demands, and disaster planning, we set out to predict diphtheria outbreaks among Bangladeshi Rohingya immigrants. We adopted a modified Susceptible-Latent-Infectious-Recovered (SLIR) transmission model to forecast the possible implications of the diphtheria outbreak in the Rohingya camps of Bangladesh. We discussed two distinct situations: the daily confirmed cases and cumulative data with unique consequences of diphtheria. Data for statistical and numerical simulations were obtained from \cite{Matsuyama}. We used the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain numerical simulations for varying parameters of the model which would demonstrate conclusive estimates. Daily and cumulative data predictions were explored for alternative values of the parameters i.e., disease transmission rate $(\beta)$ and recovery rate $(\gamma)$. Additionally, the average basic reproduction number for the parameters $\beta$ and $\gamma$ was calculated and displayed graphically. Our analysis demonstrated that the diphtheria outbreak would be under control if the maintenance could perform properly. The results of this research can be utilized by the Bangladeshi government and other humanitarian organizations to forecast disease outbreaks. Furthermore, it might help them to make detailed and practical planning to avoid the worst scenario.

The Rohingya people are the native inhabitants of Arakan (Rakhine) land in Myanmar, who have faced a series of crimes by the Myanmar army and government. Based on the norms and regulations of international and customary international law and the principles of international criminal law and considering the incidents that occurred against the religious minority group of Rohingya Muslims, the continuous violation of human rights and the occurrence of the crime of genocide by the Myanmar government are a matter of fact. There are numerous examples of deliberate actions, which prove the governmental steps to eliminate the Rohingya group, and deliberate measures, which cause the international responsibility of the Myanmar government. Iran has raised three specific positions regarding the Rohingya Muslim crisis.The major question of the research is to evaluate the occurrence or non-occurrence of violations of international criminal law, the crimes of genocide, and crimes against humanity by the Myanmar army and government against the Muslim minority in Rakhine state.The hypothesis emphasizes the definite occurrence of violations of humanitarian law and international criminal law, especially committing crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity. The purpose of the research is to examine one of the important cases of violation of Muslim rights in today's world, which has not been noticed by international legal societies. It tries to discuss briefly the Iranian positions on the Issue. The analytical-descriptive research method is based on official docs and undeniable facts, especially the documents issued by the International Criminal Court.

The principle of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), adopted by states at the 2005 World Summit, asserts that governments are responsible for protecting their citizens. If a government fails to fulfill this responsibility, the international community assumes the responsibility. In Myanmar, the Rohingya crisis and the 2021 military coup have highlighted widespread and systematic human rights violations in the country. Despite the accepted principles of R2P, the international community has ignored its responsibility to stop the widespread atrocities in Myanmar. The demand for R2P in Myanmar is increasing. The objective of examining the situation in Myanmar, through the lens of a sociological approach to global governance, is to evaluate the perspectives of the international scientific community regarding the potential of the Responsibility to Protect theory concerning Myanmar. This study outlines the justifications, implementation challenges, and provides recommendations for future political action. The Security Council veto, the principle of non-intervention, and confusion regarding the implications of R2P have disrupted an effective and collective international response. Although military intervention may not be feasible, a range of non-coercive actions under the R2P framework, along with continued support for its fundamental principles, is recommended.

The process of globalization as a change in the spatial organization and cultural-economic relations has affected the various dimensions of human life, and the globalization of the free flow of information, communications and the transformation of interactions and communications from the micro to macro levels has created the challenges and opportunities against the international community. One of the influential areas of globalization is the issue of ethnicity in countries with ethnic diversity like Iran. The purpose of this research is to answer these questions of how globalization has promoted and deepened ethnicity. What are the strategies to minimize the ethnic challenges in Iran? The research results are presented in four sections: 1. weakening national sovereignty; 2. intensifying Political and ethnic tensions; 3. ethnicity in Iran after the Islamic Revolution; and 4. solutions for ethnic and religious convergence in Iran. This article is based on the theoretical framework of the methodology an analytical descriptive with emphasis on the narrative of interaction between the approach of codification and specificity, and the method of data collection is the use of library resources and articles.

In this study, we have demonstrated that differences in the attitude, behavior and fertility level of ethnic groups are the reaction of their different position in the educational system caused by unequal development. Findings show that there are deep educational inequality, sex imbalance in literacy and level of education, with higher intensity among Kurd ethnic group, and significant differences in the attitudes, behavior and fertility level among ethnic group.Yet, after controlling the effect of independent variables, ethnic differences in fertility declined from 2 children into 0.57 children. In general, 39.3% of ethnic group's fertility variance is explained by the variables studied.Because of high level of educational inequality, attitudes and fertility ideals are also different and support high and low fertility Among Kurds and Turks respectively. These different attitudes caused different demographic functions and continuation of this situation will cause demographic divergency become the predominant in surveyed society.

Terminology related to minority issues in international law has a broad impact on managing the cultural diversity such as the rights of racial, ethnic, national and language groups and also the security of the states, societal groups and in general human security. Lack of transparency about the meaning of words such as ethnicity, people, nation, indigenous and different legal interpretations surronding them, provoke a grave difficulty in the course of coding and promoting minority rights. This global challenge has created much more serious confusion in countries like Myanmar where minority-state relation is highly securitized. Securitization of minority issues along with this terminology ambiguity in international law make the minority-state relation in those country more complicated. This paper tries to show how the confusion around terminology affects the minority issues in the legal context.